Improvement in rock-drills



PATENT OFFICE..

LEMUEL P. JENKs AND GEoRGE ARTHUR GARDNER, oE NEw YoRK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN ROCK- DR'I LLS..

Speciication forming part of Letters Patent N O. 55.307, dated J une 5, 1866.

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that we, LEMUELv P. JENKs, of Boston, Sut't'olk county, State ofMassach usetts, and GEO. ARTHUR` GARDNER, ot' New York city and State, have invented al new and Improved Machine for Drilling Holesin Rocks; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description ot the same, taken in connection with the accompanying dra-wings, with letters ot' reference marked thereon, which, taken together, form our specification.

The nature of our invention is that of a machine for making holesin rocks and coal by percussion. for use in blasting, splitting, and other purposes.

In the drawings annexed, Figure l, .Plate I, is a side view ofthe machine. Figs. 2 and 3, Plate I, are portions ot' the same hereinatter more particularly described. Fig. 4, Plate II, is a front view of the machine.

In the drawings,A, Figs. 1 and 4, is a platform square in shape. (Seen edgewise in the drawings.) B,Figs. 1 and 4,is a'shelf or cover attached to the platform A by four uprights.

(Two, marked G C, respectively, shown in Figs. 1 and 4.) D, Figs. l and 4, is a cylindrical upright beam, ot metal or wood, called the sta-ndard,.having three sharp pegs or feet at the bottom and a cap, E, Figs. 1 and 4, fastened iirmly to the top. In thetop of this cap E is a female screw, through which passes into the standard D and up toward the cover or sheltl B a screw, F, Figs. l and 4. This screw has attached to its upper end a square block, called the screw-block, Gr, Figs. 1 and 4, having' two holes crossing each other and passing horizontally through the center of it. Around plate H, Figs. l and 4, is fixed to the screw-block G, and turns loosely on it. This plate H is armed with three sharpened pegs, like the feet at the bottom of the standard. The holes in the block G are for the purpose of insertion of a bar or rod by wliich,the standard being put in any desirable place, the screw F is turned, and the sharpened pegs at the np per and lower ends of the standard B are forced into -the platforimA and the shelf B, (or, in practice, into the rooi'and bottom of a miningtunnel or its frame.) We sometimes place this screw F at the bottom of the standard, or at both bottom and top.

H', Figs. 4 and 2, (seen from above at Fig.

2,) is-called the standard-block, and is a metallic cylinder sliding up and down on the standard D. This block has projections I I, Fig. 2, and I, Fig. 4. These projections are opposite to two gibs or dat bars of metal, (seen in Fig. 2, marked J J,) sliding in grooves on the inner surface ofthe standard-block H. These gibs J J are screwed up to the standard -D by `means ot' two screws, K K, Fig. 2, and K, Fig. 4, and by these means the block H, with its attachments, is held in place. The block H has-attached to its lower end a plate, L, Figs. 2 and 4, forming a horizontal flange. To the sideof the block His also firmly attached (cast, like the flange L, in the saine piece) a circular plate or thick disk, M M, Figs. l and 3, and M, Figs. 2 and 4. The disk M M hasith-ree concentric slots' near the periphery, each in the shape of the segment of a circle. (Seen in Fig. 3.) In the center of this disk M (see Fig. 3) is a pin, upon which hangs by its center andl turns loosely the slide N, Figs. l and 4. This slide Ncan be inclined in any direction, and bears from one lto four or more screws. One is .seen in Fig. 4, (marked 0,) with its washer, which screws pass through the segmental slots in the disk M M, and, being tightened, hold the slide in any position desired. This slide N bears the-drill, and by this means the drill is placed and held at any desirable angle. 0n a dovetailed projection from the slide N (seen in Fig. 4) slides back and forward the body or frame ot' the machine, held to the slide N by a block, P, Figs. l and 4, called the quill-slide, cast on the side of the drill-frame. This quill-slide P bears a hollow cylinder, Q Q, Fig. 1, called the i quill.77 In the inside of the quill slides loosely up and down the cross-head It. (Seen in .dashed lines in Fig.' l.) This cross-head It' bears at its righthand side (see Fig. 1) a solid steel mandrel or cylindrical block, S, Fig. l, which mandrel bears at its end a steel drill, T. (In this case a tubular'drill, hereinafter more particularly described.) At the left-hand end, Fig. l, the quill contains an india-rubber spring', U, (seen in dashed lines in Fig. 1,) supported by a spindle, V, (dashed lines, Fig. 1,) which spindle is supported by a cap, called the spring-cap,,W, Fig. 1, screwed on the left-hand end of the quill. The cross-head R has a longitudinal slot through the center, through which slot passes a cam,'X, Fig. 4, borne by a shaft, Y,

' Figs. 1 and 4, which shaftYis secured by approa fly-wheel, Z, Figs. 1 and 4. A handle, AX,

Figs. 1 and 4, is attached to the fly-wheel Z, by means of which rotation is communicated to the machine. We sometimes use a steamcylinder attached to the side or to the upper side of the quill, its piston-rod having a connecting-rod attached to the fly-wheel Z, and sometimes we rotate the iiy-wneel Z by means of a band connected with other machinery. By means of the spring U and the fly-wheel Z the advance and recession of the cross-head, mandrel, and drill are secured. The rotation of the drill after each stroke is thus effected. On the inside or quill side of the iiy-wheel Z is a circular slot, BX, Fig. 1, eccentric to the fly-wheel, (seen in Fig. 1 in dashed lines.) When the fly-w'hcel Z rotates a peg or pin, GX, Fig. 1, is caused to play up and down. This pin GX is fastened to the end of the bar DX, called'the rocker-bar, Figs. 1 and 4, which bar is supported by the screw-head pin EX, Figs. 1 and 4, screwing into the bar-support FX, Figs. 1 and 4, which latter is a projection on the side of the quill Q Q, and runs upward to a proper height, as seen in Fig. 4. The other end of the bar DX has attached to it by the screw-head pin GX, 1 and 4, a rounded bar, HX, Figs. 1 and 4, called thc pawl-bar. This pawl-bar HX hangs nearly perpendicular] y, and is attached at its lower end, by means of the screw-head pin IX, to a horizontally-placed flat bar, J X, called the second pawl-bar,77 Figs. 1 and 4, which bar J X is supported by and plays loosely on the shaft KX, Figs. 1 and 4. This shaft XX is screwed at one end firmly to the projection LX, Fig. 1, which proceeds downward from the lower side of the quill-Q Q. This pawl-barJx moves up and down by means of its' attachments above described, when the {1y-wheel Z, rotating, causes the eccentric slot BX to work up and down the pin CX.

l By this means the intermittent rotation of the mandrel S and its attached drill T is effected. Itis done in this manner: At the drill end of the quill Q Q is a cap, MX, Figs. 1 and 4, screwed onto the end of the quill Q Q. Inside of this cap MX is aratchet wheel (not represented) enveloping the mandrel S, which ratchet-wheel has a pin in it working in the Slot NX, Fig. l, the rotation of this ratchet-wheel thus effecting the rotation of the mandrel and drill. The ratclfetwheel is rotated by the up-and-down motion of the pawl OX, called the turning pawl,77 Fig. 4, attached by its appropriate screw-head pin to the pawl-bar JX, Fig. 4.

The feedingforward of the d 1'll is thus effected: The slide N,'Fi gs. 1 and 4, hasa projection,

P X Fig. 4, proceeding downward from its lower part to the side, at the lower end of whichis rmly fixed ai block called the feed-block,7 QX, Figs. 1 and 4. This feed-block QX has in it a female screw, through which passes in a horizontaldirection the screw called the feedscrew, RX, Figs. 1 and 4, which is attached by its ends' to the two projections .from the bottom of -the quill Q (See Fig. 1.) The screw RX has attached to it at its'lower end (the drill end) a ratchet-wheel, S", Fig.` 4. This ratchet-wheel S X is rotated intermittently by means of the pawl called the feed-pawl;7 TX, Fig. 4, which is suspended by its appropriate screw-head pin to the pawl-bar J X, as seen in Fig. 4, and the ratchet-wheel SX being thus rotated, the screw RX, to which itis attached, also rotates and screws forward the quill Q Q, with'ts attachments, including the mandrel and drill.

The contrivance for regulating the feed forward in correspondence with the progress of the drill into the rock is now to be described: The horizontally-placed shaft KX, Figs. 1 and 4, bears a hollow cylinder, called the regulator-cylinder, UX UX, Fig. 1, with two rings, VX WX, Fig. 1, firmly fastened to it. This regulator-cylinder UX plays loosely upon the shaft KX, but has a spring, YX, Fig. l, (sometimes more'areuseth) fastened to it by a screw, which spring passes through a slot in the regulator-cylinder UX and bears at one end upon the shaft'KX. The object of this spring is to retain the regulator-cylinder UX wherever it is placed. At the upper end (toward the ilywheel) this cylinder UX is beveled or chamfered ofi, as seen in dashed lines in Fig. 1. When the cylinder UX is pressed back (by means to be described) up as close as it will go to the quill Q Q, or to the projection from the quill, LX, Fig. 1, this beveled part slips against the feed-pawlTX, Fig. 4, and pressing it down throws it out of play away from its ratchet-wheel SX. Thus the ratchet-wheel SX and its screw-shaft RX cannot rotate until, by the regulator-cylinder UX being pushed forward in the direction of the drill, the feedpawl TX is allowed to act.

The means by which the regulator-cylinder UX is pushed back and forward are these.: On the mandrel S,Fig. 1, is a ring, XX, Figs. 1 and 4, tightly fixed to the mandrel by a set-screw, Figs. 1 and 4. As the mandrel, with the drill, makes a recession in obedience to the action of the cam X, Fig. 4, this ring XX strikes against the ring VX of the regulator-cylinderUX, and thus, as above described, throws the feedingpawl TX, Fig. 4out of play. When, however,'

the mandrel advances at the time the blow is given by the drill, if the drill gets its full stroke, having pierced its way intothe rock, the ring XX on the mandrel strikes the ring WX on the regulator-cylinder UX, and thus draws the regulator-cylinder UX away from the feeding-pawl TX, allowing it to work upon the ratchet-wheel SX, Fig. 4, and thus rotat` ing the feeding-'screw RX, Fig. 1. If the drill.

has not pierced its way into the rock sufticient to allow the mandrel to get its full stroke, the feed-pawl T X remains quiescent and the screw It* does not rotate. rlhe quill Q Q therefore remains stationary without feeding forward till, the drill having made its full way into the rock, there is a necessity of feeding forward.

We sometimes, instead of placing the regulator in the position shown, attach a projection to the under side of the cross-head, this projection passing through a slot in the under side of the quill, and answering the purpose of the ring X on the mandrel. The regulator is arranged then in substantially the same manner, except that the bevel on the regulator-cyL inder is, of course, placed on the opposite end of the regulator-cylinder to the end named in the above description. This is merely a modification of our present arrangement, and the effect is simply to change the location of the regulating contrivance, which, in some positions, might be desirable.

The crank ZX, with its handle, Fig. l, is attached to the feed-screw R for the purpose of rotating this feed-screw, and thus adjusting the distance of the drill from the rock; also for the purpose of withdrawing the drill from the rock when it is necessary to change the drill.

The con trivance for lifting and lowering the drill is now to be described. This is represented in Fig. 4.

A0, Fig. 4, is a stout upright screw, provided at its upper and lower ends with appropriate bearings, which screw is placed, looking at Fig. 1, a short distance behind the standard D. In Fig. 4, the end view, it is seen at the side ofthe standard D. This screw A0 we sometimes arrange to rotate; but the one represented does not turn, but bears upon it a large nur, called the lifting-nut, B0 B0, Fig. 4, which latter has six holesinit, (three,O0 G0 C0, are seen in Fig. 4,) which, by means of the iusertion of a rod or bar, are used to turn the nut B" B0 round. 7e sometimes use a bevelgear for this purpose instead of the bar and holes O0, 85e. Two flanges, D0 D0, Fig. 4, are

tirnily fastened to the nut, which flanges come one above and the other below the flange L of the standard-block H, Fig. 4.

It will be seen that the rotation of the lifting-nut B" B0 one way or the other lifts or lowers the whole drill-machine.

We sometimes make a screw of the standard D, using the nut B0 Bo and dispensing with the screw A0.

E0, Fig. l, is a cylindrical rubber spring borne on the regulator-shaft KX. F0 is a washer, and G0 is a nut, on the end of the shaft.

KX. The use of this piece of rubber E0 is as a buffer for the mandrel and drill (the ring Xx iinpinging upon the regulator-rii'ig WX) when the drill reaches any accidental cavity in the rock, the rubber E0 absorbing the momentum of the shock.

It remains only to describe the drill. Solid drills are used with this machine at pleasure; but the present drillis what we call a tubular drill. It is marked T in Fig. l and T T in Fig. 2, and consists of a hollow cylinder (see Fig. 4) closed atthe upper end, and havinga projection (seen rin dashed lines in Fig. l) whichenters into the mandrel S. The lower end bears six cutting-points, Fig. 4. Three are shown in the side view of Fig. l. We do notconne ourselves to any specialmode of making these points, but in the present case have made them like what is known toma`- chinists as a burr-reamer.

The object of the longitudinal aperture is to leave a vcore of stone unpulverized.

rlhe operation of the machine is this: The standard D (with the machine) being put in the desired place, it is firmly fixed by means of the screw-block G. By means of the lifting-nut B0 the machine is elevated or lowered to the desired position. The screw O being loosened, the rotation of the slide N inclines the machinery to the desired angle. The screw O is then tightened. The drill T heilig then placed in position, the cam X is turned (by means of the handle AX) so as to permit the cross-head and the mandrel S (and drill T) to slide to its extreme extent of protrusion. If the drill does not then touch the rock, then, by means of the crank (and its handle) Z *,the quill Q Q, with its attachments, is screwed down till the rock is touched. Rotation is then com municated, by means of the handle AX, to the ily-wheel Z and the cam X, which latter, impinging on the cross-head, presses it (with the mandrel and drill attached) back against the spring. At the same time, byv means of the eccentric slot BX, the pin C",

the rocker-bar DX, and the attachments connected therewith, hereinabove fully described, the pawl Q rotates the mandrel S and its attached drill, while the feeding-pawl TX feeds forward the quill Q Q and all that it bears. The cam rotating, the pressure backward is taken away, the spring resumes its normal shape,and the drill T is thrown violently against the rock.

The action of the regulator takes place both at the advance and recession of the drill, and has been heretofore fully described.

What we claim herein as of our own invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,

l. Suspending the machine bea-ring slide N upon the same center with the disk M, in combination with the arrangement whereby the slide N can be fastened at any Iangle, substantially as described.

'2. The standard-block li', in combination with the gibs or frietionpeces J J, when the sarneis used with rock-drills and constructed, substantially as shown, for the purpose of giving universality of motion horizontally, all substantially as described.

3. Regulating' the feed. of :L Teck-drilling machine toward the rock, according to the extent of penetration of the drill into the sume, bythe arrangementconstructed and used substantielly as described.

4. The arrangement 0f :i screw-shaft and 11u13 for the purpose of raising and lowering' l the machine, when used withA rock-drills and constructed substantially as described.

LEMUEL P. JENKS.

GEO. ARTHUR GARDNER.

Witnesses THOs. B. DILL, J. H. CLARKE. 

